Periodontal disease, also known as “gum disease” is some of the most prevalent infections in the United States. It is estimated that 75% of American adults over the age of 35 have some form of periodontal disease. This disease process is usually painless in nature and will become symptomatic when the infection is severe.

The periodontal infection is bacterial in nature, which can destroy the attachment apparatus and supporting bone around the tooth. The beginning stages of periodontal disease are bacterial plaque that forms around the tooth. This sticky, colorless film constantly forms on your teeth and can allow for hardening of the substance. This substance is called calculus and can only be removed during a professional cleaning. Calculus can form in less than two days, so regular oral hygiene techniques are important. If this build-up develops below the gum tissue, then periodontal pathogens (bacteria) can adhere to the tooth structure and cause damage to the supporting structures of the tooth.

When this process occurs, the gums can separate from the teeth causing a periodontal pocket. The pocket is a safe harbor for bacteria to cause more advanced infection and destroy the supporting structure around the tooth. If periodontal diseases are not treated, then tooth loss can occur. Periodontal diseases can affect one tooth or many teeth.

There are many forms of periodontal disease. The most common form of diseases is as follows:

Gingivitis the mildest form of the diseases, gingivitis causes the gum tissue to become red, swell and bleed easily. Usually minimal discomfort is felt at this stage of the disease. Bone loss has not occurred with gingivitis and permanent damage of the supporting structures has not take place. Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good oral hygiene.

Mild Periodontitis when gingivitis is left untreated, it can advance to periodontitis. In this stage, the supporting structures of the teeth are beginning to be destroyed. The gum tissues can still appear red and swollen. Normally this process can easily be treated; however the damage is not reversible. Professional treatment is needed along with proper oral hygiene.

Moderate to Advanced Periodontitis when mild periodontitis is left untreated, it can advance to moderate and severe periodontitis. The supporting structures of the teeth are damaged and extensive repair may be not be possible. The tissues can appear red and swollen with pus appearing around the teeth. Discomfort in the gum tissue can be present with abscesses and biting pain around the loose teeth. Professional treatment may be possible, but extraction of teeth may be needed.

Factors that can contribute to periodontal disease:

Smoking/Tobacco Use tobacco can cause an increased risk of gum disease and tooth loss. Also, tobacco users heal at a slower rate than non-tobacco users

Hormonal Changes (Pregnancy and Puberty) many hormonal changes can cause the gum tissues to swell and increase the risk for supporting structures to be damaged.

Stress stress can make it more difficult for the body to heal and fight off infection. Although it is difficult to measure stress, these changes can be a huge factor in periodontal progression.

Medications many drugs can cause changes of the oral tissues, which can lead to periodontal disease. You should inform Dr. Cravatta of any medications that are being consumed. This includes prescribed and over the counter medications.

Clenching and/or Grinding of Teeth these habits can cause increased force on the teeth and supporting structures and increase the progression of periodontal diseases.

Poor Nutrition a poor diet can make it harder for the body to fight infection and the mouth is no different.

Recent Research with periodontal health and your body:

Systemic Diseases have been linked to the mouth for several years. More recently we have learned that a relationship between periodontal disease and the body may have a direct correlation. Studies show relationships between periodontal disease and your heart, lungs, pregnancy, and immune diseases. More research is needed to completely understand the exact method of disease activity, however we are now aware of the relationships.

What are the signs and symptoms of periodontal disease?

Bleeding gums during brushing

Red, swollen and/or tender gums

Gums that have pulled away from the teeth

Bad Breath

Pus between or around the teeth

Loose or separating teeth

A change in the way your teeth fit together

Treatment for Periodontal Diseases

The first step in treatment for periodontal disease it a comprehensive evaluation of the mouth. Proper diagnosis is obtained with a clinical examination and viewing of x-rays. Once your periodontal health is evaluated, a treatment plan will be explained with the necessary steps to improve your periodontal health. Depending on the disease progression, non-surgical and/or surgical therapy may be indicated. For a complete understanding of your disease process, a consultation is necessary.